O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar aos pesquisadores das Humanidades as iniciativas brasileiras para o desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos para a aprendizagem de latim por estudantes de cursos superiores de nosso tempo, com foco no material didático do Programa “Latinitas: leitura de textos em língua latina”, produto da tese de doutorado do autor. Após os mais de três anos de elaboração e de testagens do material na Universidade Federal da Bahia (Brasil), resenha-se aqui o processo de elaboração e de aplicação (...) e noticia-se a disponibilização online, ao público interessado, dos materiais didáticos elaborados. (shrink)

Reductive intellectualists hold that knowledge-how is a kind of knowledge-that. For this thesis to hold water, it is obviously important that knowledge-how and knowledge-that have the same epistemic properties. In particular, knowledge-how ought to be compatible with epistemic luck to the same extent as knowledge-that. It is argued, contra reductive intellectualism, that knowledge-how is compatible with a species of epistemic luck which is not compatible with knowledge-that, and thus it is claimed that knowledge-how and knowledge-that come apart.

Aristotle is widely regarded as the greatest of all philosophers; indeed, he is traditionally referred to simply as `the philosopher'. Today, after more than two millennia, his arguments and ideas continue to stimulate philosophers and provoke them to controversy. In this book J.L. Ackrill conveys the force and excitement of Aristotle's philosophical investigations, thereby showing why contemporary philosophers still draw from him and return to him. He quotes extensively from Aristotle's works in his own notably clear English translation, and a (...) picture emerges of a lucid, lively, subtle and tough-minded thinker of astonishing range and penetration. Professor Ackrill identifies many striking connections between Aristotle's ideas and ideas in recent philosophy; he also raises philosophical questions of his own, and exemplifies the way in which Aristotle can still be argued with and learned from. (shrink)

Background Clinical empathy is an essential part of healthcare, and patient-centered care models require clinical empathy to be established. Despite this, little is known about its measurement in the neonatal scenario. Research Aim To measure clinical empathy in health professionals who work with medium and high-risk neonates and build a construct of this empathy. Research Design Single-center survey study. Participants and Research Context The Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professionals questionnaire was applied to health professionals who work in an (...) intensive care unit and a medium-risk unit, in Brazil. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics and a factor analysis model, to build the construct of empathy. Overall empathy was calculated, and the domains’ punctuations were analyzed and compared to the maximum punctuation possible. The study followed the STROBE checklist. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution. All participants signed the informed consent form. Participants’ confidentiality and anonymity were protected. Findings Median empathy was 117 (IQR 113–124). The domain of Walking in the Patient’s Shoes had lower scores and represented 77.6% of the maximum punctuation possible. The factor analysis included three factors named Understanding, Experiences, and Treatment, and Emotional Relationships, explaining 64.3% of the overall variance. The domain Walking in the Patient’s Shoes was not included in the model. Conclusions In this scenario, clinical empathy should improve. There is a need to improve the domain of Walking in the Patient’s Shoes, in this case, the neonate, and provide more empathic care to them. (shrink)

A historical investigation of the exclusion of Africa and Asia from modern histories of philosophy.

This comprehensive and important volume includes contributions by activists, journalists, lawyers and scholars from twenty-one countries. The essays map the directions the movement for women's rights is taking--and will take in the coming decades--and the concomittant transformation of prevailing notions of rights and issues. They address topics such as the rapes in former Yugoslavia and efforts to see that a War Crimes Tribunal responds; domestic violence; trafficking of women into the sex trade; the persecution of lesbians; female genital mutilation; and (...) reproductive rights. (shrink)

Razão e liberdade são tidas como os princípios fundadores da sociedade industrial e tecnológica do capitalismo avançado. Para garantir a validação de seu discurso, a tecnologia dispõe de sofisticadas formas de controle, que atuam na consolidação da unidimensionalidade como elemento garantidor da coesão social e da manutenção do status quo. Para isso, o “ordenamento tecnológico” recebe o apoio de uma “coordenação política e intelectual”, que garantem a eficiência processual e a eficácia teleológica das diversas formas de controle da civilização industrial (...) avançada. Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender e expor como para Marcuse, a sociedade do capitalismo afluente, com suas novas formas de controle, protagoniza a formação e consolidação da cultura da unidimensionalidade. Para tanto, a partir do método dialético do filósofo frankfurtiano, debateremos temas como, a contenção do pensamento crítico, condicionamento das necessidades humanas e a racionalidade tecnológica. No intercurso de nossa exposição mostraremos que por trás do discurso da liberdade, a nova sociedade industrial tecnológica, impõe suas formas específicas de controle sobre os indivíduos tendo como resultado a formação de um sistema social unidimensional, onde não há lugar para o pensamento crítico, tido como supérfluo. Pois, não só ameaça a atual compreensão de progresso tecnológico da sociedade unidimensional, como também é capaz de inverter a ordem do discurso estabelecido e desmontar toda e qualquer convivência social do atual status quo. (shrink)

Com esse texto-experimento e como um cartógrafo, aventuramos nos espaços epensamentos erráticos, nômades, liso, de Stalker, filme do cineasta russo Andrei Tarkovski e doconto “O recado do morro” do escritor João Guimarães Rosa. De certa forma, o percurso elaboradopelas expedições, os três homens de Stalker e os cinco homens de “O recado do morro”, guardamalgumas vizinhanças que se desdobram sobre os problemas nos socius em que percorrem. O sociussobrecodifica os fluxos do desejo, buscando determiná-los, regulá-los. Ainda que sejam olharessingulares, filme (...) e literatura, avultam-lhes sensações problemáticas tendo em vista as maneirasinusitadas com que os caminhos se fazem no conto e no filme. Para esse experimento, utilizamosa geofilosofia imanente deleuzeguatarriana. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a crítica nietzschiana a moral moderna, tal como descrita na Genealogia da moral. Procuramos ainda destacar a crítica de Habermas a Nietzsche presente na obra: Discurso Filosófico da Modernidade, mais precisamente no capítulo IV “Entrada na Pós-Modernidade: Nietzsche como ponto de inflexão”, onde Habermas discute os aspectos que estruturam o pensamento moderno, colocando a filosofia de Nietzsche como uma ruptura entre o moderno e o pós-moderno. Habermas apresenta a Modernidade como um paradigma, um momento (...) ímpar na história do Ocidente. É no interior da filosofia hegeliana, segundo Habermas, que pela primeira vez se toma consciência no plano conceitual do que seja a Modernidade. Habermas acrescenta ainda que, nem Hegel, nem seus discípulos jamais questionaram as conquistas da Modernidade. Contudo, Nietzsche vislumbra nesta Modernidade a continuação de um mesmo mal: a vida reativa continuaria a triunfar, os valores que vem de baixo continuam a vigorar e os antigos valores metafísicos e negadores da vida que vão determinar as ações. Portanto, aquilo que Nietzsche propõe em sua crítica a modernidade é uma transvaloração dos valores, o que implicaria necessariamente a superação dos valores reativos, pois, só assim seria possível a grandeza na terra. (shrink)

Esta não é uma escrita que procura falar sobre textos artísticos em específico, no sentido de interpretá-los. Ao invés disso, ela se deixa atravessar por aquilo que, na arte, é força de. Ou, força para. Noutras palavras, deseja o estar com, ou melhor, o ser com. Trata-se de recolher abraços de artistas diversxs, de épocas distintas e de linguagens várias, não como uma energia apaziguadora, mas como aumento da potência de agir. Abraços vaga-lumes. Neste caminho, intenta-se uma reflexão sobre como (...) a arte pode ser força para a não capitulação dos sujeitos, ainda que inseridos em contextos (macro e micro) políticos em que quase tudo ganha a cor e o peso do chumbo. Assim como o Brasil de 2019.Palavras-chave: Vaga-lumes. Arte. Resistência. (shrink)

Presents general information about meteorology, weather, and climate and includes more than thirty activities to help study these topics, including making a ...

This paper argues that for the purposes of any sort of serious discussion about immoral conduct in sport very little is illuminated by claiming that the conduct in question is cheating. In fact, describing some behavior as cheating is typically little more than expressing strong, but thoroughly vague and imprecise, moral disapproval or condemnation of another person or institution about a wide and ill-defined range of improper advantage-seeking behavior. Such expressions of disapproval fail to distinguish cheating from many other types (...) of immoral conduct. The discussion shows that we should set the concept aside and assess the moral disapproval implied by claims of cheating by reference to the moral and other principles that underlie the practice of sport. This allows us to consider carefully the complexity of the issues that are raised when allegations of cheating are made and not be distracted by the emotionally loaded, conversation-stopping tendency of the concept. This means that some types of disputes in sport will be messy and demand more effort to resolve, but the payoff will be better informed and more thoughtful discussions and greater awareness of the moral complexity of sport and of its principled underpinnings. (shrink)

Isaac Newton wrote the manuscript Questiones quaedam philosophicae at the very beginning of his scientific career. This small notebook thus affords rare insight into the beginnings of Newton's thought and the foundations of his subsequent intellectual development. The Questiones contains a series of entries in Newton's hand that range over many topics in science, philosophy, psychology, theology, and the foundations of mathematics. These notes, written in English, provide a very detailed picture of Newton's early interests, and record his critical appraisal (...) of contemporary issues in natural philosophy. Written predominantly in 1664-5, they give a significant perspective on Newton's thought just prior to his annus mirabilis, 1666. This volume provides a complete transcription of the Questiones, together with an 'expansion' into modern English, and a full editorial commentary on the content and significance of the notebook in the development of Newton's thought. It will be essential reading for all those interested in Newton and the intellectual foundations of science. (shrink)

The first English translation of Fichte’s second set of 1804 lectures on the Wissenschaftslehre.

v. 1. Nicomachean ethics. Politics. The Athenian Constitution. Rhetoric. On Poetics.--v. 2. Logic.--v. 3. Physics. Metaphysics. On the soul. Short physical treaties.--v. 4. On the heavens. On generation and corruption. Meteorology. Biological treatises.

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is the most likely site where egocentric spatial relationships are represented in the brain. PPC cells receive visual, auditory, somaesthetic, and vestibular sensory inputs; oculomotor, head, limb, and body motor signals; and strong motivational projections from the limbic system. Their discharge increases not only when an animal moves towards a sensory target, but also when it directs its attention to it. PPC lesions have the opposite effect: sensory inattention and neglect. The PPC does not seem (...) to contain a “map” of the location of objects in space but a distributed neural network for transforming one set of sensory vectors into other sensory reference frames or into various motor coordinate systems. Which set of transformation rules is used probably depends on attention, which selectively enhances the synapses needed for making a particular sensory comparison or aiming a particular movement. (shrink)

Orthologic is defined by weakening the axioms and rules of inference of the classical propositional calculus. The resulting Lindenbaum-Tarski quotient algebra is an orthoimplication algebra which generalizes the author's implication algebra. The associated order structure is a semi-orthomodular lattice. The theory of orthomodular lattices is obtained by adjoining a falsity symbol to the underlying orthologic or a least element to the orthoimplication algebra.

Providing an original and systematic treatment of foundational issues in philosophy of religion, J. L. Schellenberg's new book addresses the structure of..

Recent studies indicate that mammalian chromosomes contain discretecis‐acting loci that control replication timing, mitotic condensation, and stability of entire chromosomes. Disruption of the large non‐coding RNA gene ASAR6 results in late replication, an under‐condensed appearance during mitosis, and structural instability of human chromosome 6. Similarly, disruption of the mouse Xist gene in adult somatic cells results in a late replication and instability phenotype on the X chromosome. ASAR6 shares many characteristics with Xist, including random mono‐allelic expression and asynchronous replication timing. (...) Additional “chromosome engineering” studies indicate that certain chromosome rearrangements affecting many different chromosomes display this abnormal replication and instability phenotype. These observations suggest that all mammalian chromosomes contain “inactivation/stability centers” that control proper replication, condensation, and stability of individual chromosomes. Therefore, mammalian chromosomes contain four types ofcis‐acting elements, origins, telomeres, centromeres, and “inactivation/stability centers”, all functioning to ensure proper replication, condensation, segregation, and stability of individual chromosomes. (shrink)

According to realist structuralism, mathematical objects are places in abstract structures. We argue that in spite of its many attractions, realist structuralism must be rejected. For, first, mathematical structures typically contain intra-structurally indiscernible places. Second, any account of place-identity available to the realist structuralist entails that intra-structurally indiscernible places are identical. Since for her mathematical singular terms denote places in structures, she would have to say, for example, that 1 = − 1 in the group (Z, +). We call this (...) the identity problem and conclude that nominalism is presently the safest route for the structuralist. (shrink)

"The ancient and modern question of what is the nature of man and his activity and what ought to be the directions pursued in this activity is once again being ...